Economic appraisal standards for planning earthquake early warning infrastructure acquisition

Abstract Earthquake early warning systems can reduce potential economic losses caused by earthquakes. However, they are expensive to implement and maintain, as examples from around the word show. These also show challenges in accurately estimating their costs during acquisition phase consequences of poor cost practices. Indeed, current approaches estimates lack consistency a well thought out structure there currently no established standards support planning for EEW systems. This paper argues that capital maintenance important infrastructure ensure financial viability effective management earthquake By comparing selected existing against generic appraisal using data research project which developed tested new system, this provides insights into factors need be considered when As such, it foundation development Standards could help decision makers develop through major investments such and, assist subsequent controlling activities throughout life cycle.